Negative Temperature: Further Extensions

نویسندگان

چکیده

This paper is motivated by the recent M. Baldovin, S. Iubini, R. Livi and A. Vulpiani, Statistical mechanics of systems with negative temperature, arXiv:2103.12572. The authors suggest that absolute temperatures are consistent equilibrium thermodynamics. correct, if environment also has temperature. Otherwise such states represent transient though maybe long-lived metastable effects. Here we consider extension to relativistic systems. We show state possible in Dirac vacuum, which obtained $PT$ symmetry transformation from conventional sea. If vacuum inverse population fills whole Universe, its thermodynamics determined becomes equilibrium.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Jetp Letters

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['1090-6487', '0021-3640']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s0021364021090058